Earthdog Trials: How to Train Your Terrier to Navigate Tunnels

What Are Earthdog Trials?

Earthdog trials, sanctioned by organizations like the American Kennel Club (AKC), simulate a terrier’s original job of hunting prey that has gone to ground. In these non-competitive tests, dogs navigate a series of man-made underground tunnels to locate a quarry, which is safely enclosed in a cage and never harmed. The goal is not speed, but rather to demonstrate the dog’s willingness and natural ability to follow scents, work in tight spaces, and signal the location of the quarry.

The Levels of Progression

The sport is structured with several advancing levels, each increasing in complexity:

• Introduction to Quarry (IQ): The most basic level, where the dog is introduced to the quarry’s scent and must show interest. The tunnel is short and straight.
• Junior Earthdog (JE): The dog must navigate a 30-foot tunnel with three 90-degree turns within a set time and ‘work’ the quarry (bark, dig, lunge) for 60 seconds.
• Senior Earthdog (SE): The tunnel is more complex, featuring a false exit and a constriction. The dog has 90 seconds to reach the quarry and must work it for 90 seconds. A handler recall is also required.
• Master Earthdog (ME): The highest level involves two dogs working a complex den system to locate the quarry, simulating a hunting brace. This level tests endurance, intelligence, and teamwork.

Expert Tip: Before beginning any training, it is crucial to understand that Earthdog is about celebrating instinct, not forcing behavior. The most successful teams are built on positive reinforcement and a deep appreciation for the dog’s natural abilities.

Gathering Your Gear

Proper equipment is essential for safe and effective training. While you can start with homemade items, investing in standard-sized equipment will better prepare your dog for actual trials.

• Tunnel Liners: Standard Earthdog tunnels are 9 inches by 9 inches square. You can build these from wood or purchase pre-made sections. Start with a short, straight section and gradually add turns and length as your dog progresses.
• Quarry Cage: A secure wire cage is needed to hold the quarry (typically rats). The cage must be sturdy enough to prevent any contact between your dog and the quarry, ensuring the safety of both animals.
• The Quarry: Domestic rats are the standard quarry. It is paramount that they are treated humanely as partners in the sport. They should be well-cared for, accustomed to being in the cage, and never put in harm’s way.
• Gloves and Long Sleeves: Always wear protective gear when handling the quarry cage and working around the den entrance for your own safety.

Creating a Safe Training Environment

Your training area should be free of distractions. A quiet backyard is ideal. Ensure the ground is level and free from rocks or sharp objects where you plan to lay your tunnels. Initially, practice above ground to build your dog’s confidence. As they become more proficient, you can begin to partially or fully bury the tunnels to simulate trial conditions. Always ensure the tunnels are stable and will not collapse.

Phase 1: Building Drive and Confidence

Before you even introduce a tunnel, you must foster your terrier’s enthusiasm for the ‘game.’ This is all about channeling their prey drive in a positive way.

Step 1: Quarry Introduction

Let your dog investigate the caged quarry from a safe distance. Reward any sign of interest—sniffing, whining, or barking—with praise and high-value treats. Keep these sessions short and exciting to build anticipation. The goal is to create a strong, positive association with the quarry’s scent and presence.

Step 2: The ‘Go-Through’ Game

Start with a very short, straight tunnel section (3-4 feet long) above ground. Make it a fun game. Place a high-value treat or a favorite toy at the far end. Encourage your dog to go through, using an excited tone of voice. Most terriers will dive right in. Praise them lavishly when they emerge from the other side. Repeat this until they are running through eagerly without hesitation.

Phase 2: Mastering the Tunnel

Step 3: Increasing Length and Adding Turns

Once your dog is confident with the short section, add another piece to increase the length. After they master the longer straight tunnel, introduce a 90-degree turn. You can help them by tapping on the outside of the tunnel to guide them. Gradually increase the complexity by adding more sections and turns, mimicking the layout of a Junior Earthdog den.

Step 4: Introducing the Quarry to the Tunnel

Now, combine the two elements. Place the caged quarry at the end of a simple tunnel. The scent will be a powerful motivator. Release your dog at the entrance and let their nose guide them. When they reach the end and begin to ‘work’ the quarry, let them continue for a few seconds before giving a release cue and rewarding them enthusiastically away from the tunnel.

Important: Never leave your dog unattended with the quarry, and always end training sessions on a positive, successful note. This builds a dog who is eager for the next session.

Addressing Hesitation and Fear

Even the boldest terriers can have moments of uncertainty. It’s crucial to address these issues with patience and positive reinforcement, never force. Pushing a hesitant dog can create a lasting negative association with the tunnels.

Common problems include balking at the entrance, fear of the dark interior, or getting stuck at turns. The key is to break the process down into smaller, more manageable steps. If a dog is hesitant, return to a shorter, simpler tunnel configuration they have already mastered. Use higher-value rewards and make the game incredibly fun to rebuild their confidence. Below are some common issues and their solutions.

From Training to Trialing

Once your dog is confidently navigating complex tunnels and working the quarry with enthusiasm, you can start thinking about entering a trial. This phase involves fine-tuning skills and accustoming your dog and yourself to the trial environment.

Finding a Club and Practicing

The best way to prepare is to find a local AKC-affiliated Earthdog club. These clubs host practices and fun days where your dog can work in regulation tunnels and get used to a more distracting environment. It’s also an invaluable resource for mentorship and advice from experienced handlers.

Understanding the Rules and Etiquette

Thoroughly read the AKC rulebook for the level you plan to enter. Understand the time limits, what constitutes ‘working’ the quarry, and the judge’s expectations. On trial day, proper etiquette is key. Be respectful of other exhibitors, keep your dog secure when not running, and be a good sport, regardless of the outcome. The primary goal is to have a safe and enjoyable day with your dog.

What to Expect on Trial Day

Arrive early to check in and locate the test area. You’ll be given a running order. When it’s your turn, you’ll bring your dog to the starting line. For the JE level, you can release your dog and offer verbal encouragement. The judge and stewards will monitor the dog’s progress. Whether you qualify or not, praise your dog for their effort. The experience itself is a victory for your partnership.